The finding of red blood cells in a child’s urine is a frequent cause for referral to the pediatric urologist. Of course, when the child is symptomatic or the urine is grossly bloody there is usually a specific cause; and more extensive laboratory and radiologic evaluation is indicated. EVALUATION About 5% of children screened randomly […]

Extraordinary urinary frequency sometimes develops in children without any other urologic signs or symptoms and there is rarely a physical basis for this condition. The patient is usually a previously toilet trained child (in the 3-7 year age group, characteristically, and male) with sudden onset of urinary frequency as often as every five minutes. The […]

Urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence are manifestations of bladder instability. This instability is usually not due to some neurological disorder and often responds quite well to an antispasmodic such as Ditropan, Pro-Banthine or one of the other antispasmodics. A significant number of children have daytime wetting in addition to their bed wetting problems, requiring […]

It is important to understand the big difference between uncomplicated bed wetting and bed wetting associated with other wetting disorders; i.e., complicated bed wetting. ATTAINING BLADDER CONTROL A newborn’s micturition occurs by reflex, voiding at frequent intervals, averaging about 20 times per day. After 6 months of age, voided volumes increase and the frequency of […]

Reflux is the abnormal passage of urine back up the ureter and may occur on one or both sides. It is managed by the pediatric urologist primarily. Reflux may be primary or secondary and its importance lies in the fact that when it is associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) there is potential for […]